Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

to refer to the text

Толкование Перевод

1 ссылаться

to refer (to), to allude (to), to cite, to quote; (оправдываться) to plead

ссылаться на кого-л., что-л. — to make an allusion / reference to smb., smth.

ссылаться на последние события — to allude to recent events

ссылаться на правило процедуры — to invoke a rule of procedure

ссылаться на прецедент — to cite precedent

ссылаться на статью — to invoke an article

сослаться на текст — to refer to the text

ссылаться на установившийся порядок / на принятый распорядок — to refer to the existing traditions

ссылаться на что-л. как на доказательство — to refer to smth. for proof

ссылаясь на ваше письмо... — referring to your letter...

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > ссылаться
2 ссылаться на текст

Diplomatic term: refer to the text

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ссылаться на текст
3 reporter

I.

reporter¹ [ʀ(ə)pɔʀte]

➭ TABLE 1

1. transitive verb

   a. ( = différer) [+ match] to postpone ; [+ décision, date] to put off

• la réunion est reportée à demain/d'une semaine the meeting has been postponed until tomorrow/for a week

   b. [+ chiffres, indications] to copy out ( sur on)

• reporter une somme sur la page suivante to carry an amount forward to the next page

   c. ( = transférer) reporter son affection/son vote sur to transfer one's affection/one's vote to

2. reflexive verb

► se reporter

   a. ( = se référer à)

se reporter à to refer to

• reportez-vous à la page 5 see page 5

   b. (par la pensée) se reporter à to think back to

• reportez-vous (par l'esprit) aux années 50 cast your mind back to the fifties

II.

reporter² [ʀ(ə)pɔʀtεʀ]

masculine noun

reporter

• grand reporter special correspondent

• reporter(-)photographe reporter and photographer

* * *

I
1. ʀ(ə)pɔʀte
verbe transitif

1) ( différer) to put back [date] (à to); to postpone, to put back [rendez-vous, événement] (à until); to postpone [départ, match] (à until); to defer [jugement] (à until)

reporter son départ d'une semaine — to postpone one's departure by a week

reporter la réunion de lundi à vendredi — to postpone Monday's meeting until Friday

2) ( copier sur un autre support) to carry forward [calcul, résultat]; to copy out [nom]

3) ( déplacer)

reporter un paragraphe en début d'un texte — to move a paragraph to the beginning of a text

4) ( aller remettre) to take [something] back [marchandise, objet]

5) ( dans le passé)

cela nous reporte longtemps en arrière — that's going back a long time

6) ( transférer) to transfer [affection] ( sur to)

reporter des voix sur un autre candidat — to transfer votes to another candidate

reporter son agressivité sur quelqu'un — to take one's aggression out on somebody

2.

se reporter verbe pronominal

1) ( consulter)

se reporter à — to refer to

2) ( revenir en pensée)

se reporter à — to think back to

3) ( être transféré) [voix] to be transferred ( sur to)

II ʀəpɔʀtɛʀ
nom masculin ( journaliste) reporter

un grand reporter — a special correspondent

* * *

I ʀ(ə)pɔʀtɛʀ nmf
reporter

Elle est reporter. — She is a reporter.

II ʀ(ə)pɔʀte vt
1) [total] to carry forward, to carry over

reporter qch sur — to carry sth forward to, to carry sth over to

2) (= ajourner) to postpone

reporter qch à — to postpone sth until

3)

reporter qch sur — to transfer sth to

* * *

I.

reporter ⇒ Les métiers et les professions nm Presse, TV reporter; une femme reporter a woman reporter; un grand reporter a special correspondent.

II.

reporter verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 ( différer) to put back [date] (à to); to postpone, to put back [rendez-vous, événement] (à until); to extend [délai] (à to); to postpone [départ, match] (à until); to defer [jugement] (à until); reporter une décision to postpone making a decision; reporter son départ d'une semaine to postpone one's departure by a week; reporter la réunion de lundi à vendredi to postpone Monday's meeting until Friday;

2 ( copier sur un autre support) to carry forward [calcul, résultat]; to copy out [texte, nom]; to transfer [dessin, photo]; reporter des noms sur une liste to copy out names on a list;

3 ( déplacer) reporter un paragraphe/chapitre en début d'un texte to move a paragraph/chapter to the beginning of a text;

4 ( aller remettre) to take [sth] back [marchandise, objet]; reporter un livre à la bibliothèque to take a book back to the library;

5 ( dans le passé) cela nous reporte longtemps en arrière that's going back a long time; reporter qn plusieurs années en arrière to take sb back several years;

6 ( transférer) to transfer [affection] (sur to); reporter des voix sur un autre candidat to transfer votes to another candidate; reporter son agressivité sur qn to take one's aggression out on sb;

7 ( porter à nouveau) to wear [sth] again [vêtement, chapeau].

B se reporter vpr

1 se reporter à ( consulter) to refer to, to see; reportez-vous à la page 3 refer to page 3; reportez-vous au règlement refer to the rules;

2 ( revenir en pensée) se reporter à to think back to, to cast one's mind back to; reportez-vous aux jours précédant le meurtre cast your mind back to the days leading up to the murder;

3 ( être transféré) [affection] to be transferred (sur to); [voix] to be transferred (sur to).

I

[rəpɔrte] verbe transitif

1. [rapporter] to take back (separable)

2. [transcrire - note, insertion] to transfer, to copy out

[en comptabilité] to carry forward (separable)

reporter à nouveau to carry forward (to new account)

reporter le montant des exportations dans le livre des comptes to post exports (to the ledger)

3. [retarder - conférence, rendez-vous] to postpone, to put off (separable) ; [ - annonce, verdict] to put off, to defer ; [ - date] to defer, to put back (especially UK)

reporter quelque chose à une prochaine fois to put something off until another time

[en arrière dans le temps] to take back (separable)

4. [transférer] to shift, to transfer

les votes ont été reportés sur le candidat communiste the votes were transferred to the Communist candidate

5. [miser] to put, to place, to transfer

reporter tous ses gains sur le 8 to put ou to place all one's winnings on the 8

6. BOURSE to carry over (separable)

faire reporter des titres to give on ou to lend stock

————————

se reporter à verbe pronominal plus préposition

[se référer à] to turn ou to refer to, to see

reportez-vous à notre dernier numéro see our last issue

————————

se reporter sur verbe pronominal plus préposition

[se transférer sur] to be transferred to

tout son amour s'est reporté sur sa fille all his love was switched to his daughter

II

[rəpɔrtɛr] nom masculin

(news) reporter

grand reporter international reporter

reporter sportif sports commentator

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > reporter
4 remitir

v.

1 to send.

remitir algo a to refer something to

2 to forgive, to remit.

Ellos remiten los pedidos They remit the orders.

3 to refer.

4 to subside (disminuir) (tormenta, viento).

5 to cross-refer.

Ellos remitieron a Ricardo a otro Dr They cross-referred Richard to another doctor.

6 to relax in intensity, to relax, to abate, to slacken.

La tormenta remitió The storm relaxed in intensity.

* * *

remitir

► verbo transitivo

1 (enviar) to remit, send

■ han remitido aquí su carta you letter has been sent here

2 (referir) to refer

■ el texto remite a la página dos the text refers us to page two

3 RELIGIÓN to forgive

4 (aplazar) to postpone

5 DERECHO to transfer

6 (ceder) to subside

► verbo intransitivo

1 (ceder) to subside

■ la fiebre ha remitido the fever has subsided

► verbo pronominal remitirse

1 (atenerse) to refer (a, to)

■ se remitió a su propio acuerdo he referred to his own agreement

* * *

verb

1) to dispatch, send

2) refer

* * *

1. VT

1) (=enviar) to send; [+ dinero] to remit, send; (Com) to ship, send

2) [+ lector] to refer (a to)

3) (=aplazar) to postpone

4)

remitir una decisión a algn — to refer a decision to sb

5) (Rel) to forgive, pardon

2.

VI (=disminuir) to slacken, let up

3.

See:

remitirse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) (frml) ( mandar) to send

adjunto le remito los documentos — please find enclosed the documents

b) (Der) ( transferir) to remit, refer, transfer

c) <lector/estudiante>

remitir A alguien A algo — to refer somebody to something

2) (Der) ( perdonar) to remit
2.
remitir vi

1) fiebre to drop, go down; tormenta to abate, subside

la ola de violencia está remitiendo — the wave of violence is subsiding

2) (a obra, nota)

remitir A algo — to refer to something
3.
remitirse v pron

remitirse A algo — a obra to refer to something

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) (frml) ( mandar) to send

adjunto le remito los documentos — please find enclosed the documents

b) (Der) ( transferir) to remit, refer, transfer

c) <lector/estudiante>

remitir A alguien A algo — to refer somebody to something

2) (Der) ( perdonar) to remit
2.
remitir vi

1) fiebre to drop, go down; tormenta to abate, subside

la ola de violencia está remitiendo — the wave of violence is subsiding

2) (a obra, nota)

remitir A algo — to refer to something
3.
remitirse v pron

remitirse A algo — a obra to refer to something

* * *

remitir¹

¹ = dispatch [despatch], send, forward, remit, submit, ship.

Ex: Any surrogates and their arrangement and dispatch to users who can be expected to be interested in the associated document.

Ex: Usually a central cataloguing agency is based upon a national library or copyright office, where publishers are required by law to send at least one copy of every book published in that country.

Ex: It also stores any messages which it cannot forward because the receiving terminal is busy or which can be sent at off-peak times.

Ex: The Court has already ruled that it has power to hear and determine the matter without remitting it back to the lower court.

Ex: Most publications are probably free distribution material and whilst that does not absolve the publishers from the obligation of legal deposit it is probable that many local authorities do not submit their materials.

Ex: According to librarians, vendors aren't shipping books fast enough.

* remitir + Alguien + a = refer + Alguien + to.

remitir²

² = remit.

Ex: The fever was resolved and the skin lesions started to remit during the following 3 weeks.

* * *

remitir [I1 ]

vt

A

1 ( frml) (enviar) ‹carta/paquete/mercancías› to send; ‹cable/télex› to send; ‹cheque/pago› to remit ( frml), to send

adjunto le remito los documentos please find enclosed the documents

sírvase remitirnos el pago a vuelta de correo please remit payment immediately o by return

2 ( Der) (transferir) to remit, refer, transfer

3 ‹lector/estudiante› remitir a algn A algo to refer sb TO sth

nos remitió a su último libro she referred us to her latest book

B ( Med) to bring about a remission of o in

C (perdonar)

1 ( Der) to remit

2 ( Relig) to pardon, forgive, remit ( arch)

■ remitir

vi

A «fiebre» to drop, go down; «tormenta» to abate, subside

la ola de violencia está remitiendo the wave of violence is subsiding

B (a una obra, nota) remitir A algo to refer TO sth

■ remitirse

v pron

remitirse A algo ‹a una obra› to refer TO sth

remítanse a la página 50 refer to o see page 50

prueba patrón or de referencia (↑ prueba (1))

* * *

remitir ( conjugate remitir) verbo transitivo
a) (frml) ( mandar) to send

b) ‹lector/estudiante› remitir A algn A algo to refer sb to sth

verbo intransitivo [ fiebre] to drop, go down;
[ tormenta] to abate, subside
remitirse verbo pronominal remitirse A algo ‹ a obra› to refer to sth
remitir
I verbo transitivo
1 (una cosa a alguien) to send: adjunto le remito la lista de precios, please find enclosed the price list
2 (un asunto, trámite, etc a otra persona) to refer
3 (una condena) to remit
II verbo intransitivo
1 (la intensidad de algo) to subside, drop, go down
2 (un texto a otro texto) to refer
' remitir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
mandar
English:
forward
- redirect
- refer to
- send on
- subside
- refer
- remit

* * *

remitir

♦ vt

1. [enviar] to send;

adjunto le remito mi currículum vítae I enclose my CV;

remití el paquete por correo I sent the parcel by mail

2. [trasladar] to refer;

remitiré tu solicitud al jefe I'll refer your application to the boss

3. [perdonar] to forgive, to remit

♦ vi

1. [en texto] to refer (a to)

2. [tormenta, viento] to subside;
[lluvia, calor] to ease off; [temperatura] to go down
3. [fiebre] to go down;
[dolor] to go away; [enfermedad] to go into remission
♦ See also the pronominal verb remitirse

* * *

remitir

I v/t

1 ( enviar) send, ship

2 en texto refer (a to)

II v/i

1 MED go into remission

2 de crisis ease (off)

* * *

remitir vt

1) : to send, to remit

2)

remitir a : to refer to, to direct to

nos remitió al diccionario: he referred us to the dictionary

remitir vi

: to subside, to let up

Spanish-English dictionary > remitir
5 a partir de ahora

= from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now

Ex. From now on we will refer to library catalogues simply as catalogues.

Ex. From this point on in the text the Colon Classification will be referred to by the commonly used abbreviation CC.

Ex. Henceforth the inventory function was no longer to be a part of the functions of the library's catalog.

Ex. Public inputs received on proposed new methodologies will be as of now available in the CDM web site.

* * *

= from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now

Ex: From now on we will refer to library catalogues simply as catalogues.

Ex: From this point on in the text the Colon Classification will be referred to by the commonly used abbreviation CC.

Ex: Henceforth the inventory function was no longer to be a part of the functions of the library's catalog.

Ex: Public inputs received on proposed new methodologies will be as of now available in the CDM web site.

Spanish-English dictionary > a partir de ahora
6 de ahora en adelante

de ahora en adelante

from now on

* * *

= from now on, from this point on

Ex. From now on we will refer to library catalogues simply as catalogues.

Ex. From this point on in the text the Colon Classification will be referred to by the commonly used abbreviation CC.

* * *

= from now on, from this point on

Ex: From now on we will refer to library catalogues simply as catalogues.

Ex: From this point on in the text the Colon Classification will be referred to by the commonly used abbreviation CC.

Spanish-English dictionary > de ahora en adelante
7 פשטא

פְּשָׁטָאm. (preced.) 1) plain wording; plain sense. Keth.111b פְּשָׁטֵיה דקרא במאי כתיב what does the plain text (not homiletically changed) refer to?; Erub.23b פשטיה דקראוכ׳ what is the plain sense (not homiletically forced) of the text?; Kidd.80b; a. e.Y.Snh.I, beg.18a פְּשוּטֵה דקרייא the plain sense of the text. Y.B. Bath.VIII, 16a בעי מימר פְשָׁטֵיהוכ׳ (not פנסטה) wanted to give the meaning (of the verse) and could not find it. 2) extension, natural course (of a river). Gitt.60b; Ḥull.18b; 57a, v. נְהַר II.

Jewish literature > פשטא
8 פְּשָׁטָא

פְּשָׁטָאm. (preced.) 1) plain wording; plain sense. Keth.111b פְּשָׁטֵיה דקרא במאי כתיב what does the plain text (not homiletically changed) refer to?; Erub.23b פשטיה דקראוכ׳ what is the plain sense (not homiletically forced) of the text?; Kidd.80b; a. e.Y.Snh.I, beg.18a פְּשוּטֵה דקרייא the plain sense of the text. Y.B. Bath.VIII, 16a בעי מימר פְשָׁטֵיהוכ׳ (not פנסטה) wanted to give the meaning (of the verse) and could not find it. 2) extension, natural course (of a river). Gitt.60b; Ḥull.18b; 57a, v. נְהַר II.

Jewish literature > פְּשָׁטָא
9 קאי

קָאֵיm. (abbrev. of קָאֵים) standing. Targ. Y. Gen. 24:13. Targ. Prov. 24:16; a. e.Ber.2a תנא היכא ק׳ דקתניוכ׳ where is the teacher of the Mishnah (I, 1) standing (what does he refer to), when he says, ‘From what time does the duty of reading the Shmʿa begin? Ib. תנא אקרא ק׳ the teacher has in his mind the Biblical text (Deut. 6:7). Taan.2a תנא התם ק׳ דקתניוכ׳ the teacher refers to what has been taught there (Ber.V, 2) Pes.43b מסתברא ק׳ באוכלין … ק׳ באוכלין מרבה נאכלין it stands to reason, where the text speaks of eaters (‘thou must or ‘must not eat), you extend its scope to eaters, but when the text speaks of eaters, would you extend its scope to things to be (or not to be) eaten?; a. v. fr.

Jewish literature > קאי
10 קָאֵי

קָאֵיm. (abbrev. of קָאֵים) standing. Targ. Y. Gen. 24:13. Targ. Prov. 24:16; a. e.Ber.2a תנא היכא ק׳ דקתניוכ׳ where is the teacher of the Mishnah (I, 1) standing (what does he refer to), when he says, ‘From what time does the duty of reading the Shmʿa begin? Ib. תנא אקרא ק׳ the teacher has in his mind the Biblical text (Deut. 6:7). Taan.2a תנא התם ק׳ דקתניוכ׳ the teacher refers to what has been taught there (Ber.V, 2) Pes.43b מסתברא ק׳ באוכלין … ק׳ באוכלין מרבה נאכלין it stands to reason, where the text speaks of eaters (‘thou must or ‘must not eat), you extend its scope to eaters, but when the text speaks of eaters, would you extend its scope to things to be (or not to be) eaten?; a. v. fr.

Jewish literature > קָאֵי
11 renvoi

renvoi [ʀɑ̃vwa]

masculine noun

   a. [d'employé] dismissal ; [d'étudiant] (définitif) expulsion ; (temporaire) suspension

• j'ai demandé son renvoi du club I asked for him to be expelled from the club

   b. [de troupes] discharge

   c. [de lettre, colis, cadeau] sending back

   d. (Sport) [de balle] sending back ; (au pied) kicking back ; (à la main) throwing back

• renvoi aux 22 mètres (Rugby) drop-out

• à la suite d'un mauvais renvoi du gardien, la balle a été interceptée as a result of a poor return by the goalkeeper the ball was intercepted

   e. [de rendez-vous] postponement

• renvoi à date ultérieure postponement to a later date

   f. ( = référence) cross-reference ; (en bas de page) footnote

• faire un renvoi à to cross-refer to

   g. ( = rot) burp

• avoir un renvoi to burp

• avoir des renvois to have wind (Brit) or gas (US)

* * *
ʀɑ̃vwɑ
nom masculin

1) (d'élève, immigré, de joueur) expulsion (de from); (d'employé, ambassadeur) dismissal (de from)

renvoi d'un élève pour trois jours — suspension of a pupil from school for three days

renvoi des immigrés dans leur pays — repatriation of immigrants to their own country

2) ( retour à l'expéditeur) return

renvoi d'un colis — return of a parcel

3) Sport (au tennis, volley-ball) return; (au football, rugby) clearance

4) ( report) gén postponement; Droit, Politique ( envoi) referral ( devant to); ( ajournement) adjournment (à until)

renvoi de l'affaire devant la Cour d'appel — referral of the case to the court of appeal

renvoi à huitaine — adjournment for a week

5) ( référence) (dans un dictionnaire, livre, fichier) cross-reference (à to)

6) ( éructation) belch, burp (colloq)

avoir un renvoi — gén to burp (colloq); [bébé] to burp (colloq), to bring up wind

* * *
ʀɑ̃vwa nm
1) (= réexpédition) [courrier] return

2) [employé] dismissal

3) (= dans un texte) cross-reference

4) [lumière] reflection

5) (à une date ultérieure) postponement

6) (= éructation) belch

avoir des renvois — to repeat on you

* * *

renvoi nm

1 (d'élève, étudiant, immigré, de joueur) expulsion (de from); (d'employé, ambassadeur) dismissal (de from); renvoi de l'université/l'équipe expulsion from the university/the team; renvoi de l'usine/du gouvernement dismissal from the factory/from the government; renvoi pour indiscipline Mil dismissal for insubordination; renvoi d'un élève pour trois jours suspension of a pupil from school for three days; renvoi des immigrés dans leur pays repatriation of immigrants to their own country;

2 ( retour à l'expéditeur) return; renvoi d'un colis/de marchandises return of a parcel/of goods;

3 Sport (au tennis, ping-pong, volley-ball) return; (au football, rugby) clearance; renvoi en touche clearance into touch; mauvais renvoi d'un défenseur poor clearance by a defender;

4 ( report) gén postponement; Jur, Pol ( envoi) referral (devant to); ( ajournement) adjournment (à until); renvoi de l'affaire devant la Cour d'appel referral of the case to the court of appeal; renvoi en commission d'un projet de loi referral of a bill GB ou committal of a bill US to the competent committee; demander le renvoi de son procès to ask for one's trial to be adjourned; renvoi à huitaine adjournment for a week; renvoi d'une discussion à la prochaine session postponement of a discussion until the next session;

5 ( référence) (dans un dictionnaire, livre, fichier) cross-reference (à to); (dans un discours, une discussion) reference (à to);

6 Mus repeat sign;

7 ( éructation) belch, burp○; avoir un renvoi gén to burp○; [bébé] to posset; avoir des renvois to belch, to burp○; donner des renvois [nourriture, plat] to repeat (à on).

Composé

renvoi temporaire de ligne Télécom call diversion.

[rɑ̃vwa] nom masculin

1. [d'un colis - généralement] return, sending back ; [ - par avion] flying back ; [ - par bateau] shipping back

renvoi à l'expéditeur ‘return to sender’

2. TÉLÉCOMMUNICATIONS

renvoi automatique call forwarding

3. SPORT

renvoi (de la balle) return

renvoi en touche touch kick, kick for touch

4. [congédiement - d'un employé] dismissal, sacking (UK) ; [ - d'un élève] expulsion

5. [ajournement] postponement

le tribunal décida le renvoi du procès à huitaine the court decided to put off ou to adjourn the trial for a week

6. [transfert] transfer

ordonnance de renvoi aux assises order of transfer to the assizes

après le renvoi du texte en commission after the text was sent to a committee

7. [indication] cross-reference

[note au bas du texte] footnote

faire un renvoi à to make a cross-reference to, to cross-refer to

8. [éructation] belch, burp

ça me donne des renvois it makes me belch ou burp, it repeats on me

9. DROIT amendment

renvoi des fins de poursuite discharge of case

demande de renvoi application for removal of action

10. MUSIQUE repeat mark

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > renvoi
12 μερίς

μερίς, ίδος, ἡ (s. μερίζω and three next entries; Antiphon, Thu.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol; TestJob 38:2; 41:5; Test12Patr; Philo; Jos., Ant. 11, 292, Vi. 36; Just.).

① a portion of a whole that has been divided, part (Pla., Soph. p. 266a; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 14 Jac.; Diod S 15, 31, 2; 15, 64, 1 [where comparison with 15, 63, 4 τέτταρα μέρη … ἡ πρώτη μερίς shows that it is not necessary to assume that there is a difference in the meanings of these word-forms]. In ins and pap oft.=district: OGI 177, 9; 179, 8; PPetr III, 32 recto, 3 τῆς Θεμίστου μερίδος; BGU 975, 6 [45 A.D.]; PTebt 302, 4; 315, 13; Diod S 1, 54, 3; Josh 18:6). The wording of Ac 16:12 v.l in describing Philippi ἥτις ἐστὶν πρώτη τῆς μερίδος Μακεδονίας πόλις (vv.ll., among others, πρ. τῆς μερ. τῆς Μακ.; πρ. τῆς Μακ.) is difficult because of τῆς μερίδος.The transl. leading city of the district of Macedonia (e.g. Beyer, Steinmann, Bauernfeind, NRSV) is tolerable only through lack of a better one. As far as the form is concerned, the article is lacking w. πρώτη, and as far as subject matter goes, Philippi was not the capital city (which πρώτη means in such a context: Ps.-Scylax, Peripl. 35 [BFabricius 1878]; schol. on Pind., O. 8, 1h; cp. 6, 144g; Eunap. 7; 96; Procop., Aedif. 5, 4, 18 μητρόπολις … οὕτω πόλιν τ. πρώτην τοῦ ἔθνους καλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι) either of the province of Macedonia or of any of its districts. The Nestle text follows Blass, who favored the conjecture of Johannes Clericus (LeClerc), and reads πρώτη[ς] μερίδος τῆς Μακεδονίας of the first district of Macedonia, w. ref. to the fact that the Romans (Livy 45, 29) divided Macedonia into four μερίδες=districts in 167 B.C. (so also Hoennicke, Preuschen, Wlh., Zahn; Field, Notes 124; EHaupt, Gefangenschaftsbriefe⁷ 1902, 83f; Belser; Zürcher Bibel ’31; Haenchen ad loc; RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 37f. On the textual variants, s. Metzger, Textual Commentary ad loc. S. also AClark and JLarsen s.v. κεφαλή 2b, end.—If the restoration of the apparently damaged text should result in a wording that would make it possible for πρώτη to refer to the progress of a journey, we might compare Arrian, Anab. 4, 23, 3 ἡ πρώτη καθʼ ὁδὸν πόλις; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 35 §137 Ariminum ἐστὶν Ἰταλίας πρώτη [i.e., πόλις] μετὰ τὴν Γαλατίαν=the first city in Italy after [leaving] Gaul; Ps.-Scylax §67: from Thessaly the πρώτη πόλις Μακεδονίας is Ἡράκλειον.—Linguistically πρ. πόλ. can, of course, be understood of time as well, and can mean the first city in connection with which someth. happens [Diod S 12, 67, 2 Acanthus was the first city, πρ. πόλ., to revolt from Athens]).

② share, portion (Demosth. 43, 82; Plut., Ages. 17, 5; Lucian, De Merc. Cond. 26; Vett. Val. 345, 16; SIG 1013, 4; BGU 996 III, 1; PLond III, 880, 18ff p. 9 [113 B.C.]; POxy 1482, 21; LXX) τὴν ἀγαθὴν μ. ἐκλέγεσθαι choose the better portion Lk 10:42 (fig., of food? Cp. Mft., transl., ‘Mary has chosen the best dish’, and s. Gen 43:34; 1 Km 9:23, but against him TGillieson, ET 59, ’47/48, 111f. For other reff. Field, Notes 63f; HAlmqvist, Plutarch u. d. NT ’46, 65). μ. κυρίου the Lord’s portion 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:9); cp. 30:1. τίς μερὶς πιστῷ μετὰ ἀπίστου; what has a believer in common with an unbeliever? (i.e., with ref. to the same thing; on μετά s. below) 2 Cor 6:15. Sim. μετὰ μοιχῶν τὴν μερίδα σου ἐτίθεις you cast your lot w. adulterers 1 Cl 35:8 (Ps 49:18). οὐκ ἔστιν σοι μ. οὐδὲ κλῆρος ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ you have neither share nor lot in this matter Ac 8:21 (cp. Dt 12:12 οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτῷ μ. οὐδὲ κλῆρος μεθʼ ὑμῶν.—μ. καὶ κλῆρος also TestSol 14:5 and Philo, Plant. 60.—μ. ἐν as 2 Km 20:1; TestJob 38:2 ἐν γῇ καὶ σποδῷ). ἡ μερὶς τοῦ κλήρου τῶν ἁγίων a share in the inheritance of the saints / holy ones (cp. 1QS 11:7f) Col 1:12.—DELG s.v. μείρομαι II p. 679. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μερίς
13 Г-50

ГЛАЗА БЕГАЮТ VP subj. fixed WO
1. \Г-50 чьи, (у) кого disapprov s.o. glances rapidly in different directions in order to avoid looking directly into another's eyes ( usu. because he fears that eye contact will betray his guilt, fraudulence etc): глаза у X-a бегают - X has shifty (darting) eyes
X's eyes dart (keep darting about).
...Взгляд (Лёвы) оттого был подозрительным, что глазки автора бегали... (Битов 2)....Lyova's glance was suspicious because the author had shifty eyes (2a).

Положительному герою (в идеальном произведении социалистического реализма) противостоит отрицательный. Он... родину спасать не хочет, знамя спасать не хочет, от выполнения планов уклоняется. Руки у него потные, глаза бегают, изо рта пахнет гнилыми зубами (Войнович 1). The positive hero (in the ideal work of socialist realism) is opposed by a negative figure....He is unwilling to save the Motherland and the flag, and seeks to avoid fulfilling the plan. He has sweaty palms, darting eyes, and the smell of rotting teeth on his breath (1a).

В чёрной бороде его показывалась проседь живые большие глаза так и бегали (Пушкин 2). His black beard was beginning to go grey, his large lively eyes were for ever darting about (2b).

2. ГЛАЗА чьи, кого БЕГАЮТ по чему. Also: БЕГАТЬ ГЛАЗАМИ по чему
VP subj: human s.o. moves his eyes quickly over (some place, text etc) in the process of surveying it, trying to get a general picture of what is there etc: Х-овы глаза бегали по месту Y (по Y-ам) » X's eyes darted (shot) around place Y (from one Y to another) Xfc eyes strayed about place Y (in refer, to a text) X's eyes ran quickly over the lines (along the lines, down the page etc).
Он медленно проводил своими длинными пальцами по бакенбардам, а глаза его бегали по углам (Тургенев 2). Не slowly passed his fingers over his side whiskers, while his eyes strayed about the room (2b).

Иван Матвеевич взял письмо и привычными глазами бегал по строкам, а письмо слегка дрожало в его пальцах (Гончаров 1). Ivan Matveyevich took the letter..., his eyes running quickly along the lines, while his hands trembled slightly (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Г-50
14 бегать глазами

• ГЛАЗА БЕГАЮТ

[VPsubj; fixed WO]

=====

1. бегать глазами чьи, (у) кого disapprov s.o. glances rapidly in different directions in order to avoid looking directly into another's eyes (usu. because he fears that eye contact will betray his guilt, fraudulence etc): глаза у X-a бегают ≈ X has shifty (darting) eyes; X's eyes dart (keep darting about).

     ♦... Взгляд [Лёвы] оттого был подозрительным, что глазки автора бегали... (Битов 2)....Lyova's glance was suspicious because the author had shifty eyes (2a).

     ♦ Положительному герою [в идеальном произведении социалистического реализма] противостоит отрицательный. Он... родину спасать не хочет, знамя спасать не хочет, от выполнения планов уклоняется. Руки у него потные, глаза бегают, изо рта пахнет гнилыми зубами (Войнович 1). The positive hero [in the ideal work of socialist realism] is opposed by a negative figure....He is unwilling to save the Motherland and the flag, and seeks to avoid fulfilling the plan. He has sweaty palms, darting eyes, and the smell of rotting teeth on his breath (1a).

     ♦ В чёрной бороде его показывалась проседь; живые большие глаза так и бегали (Пушкин 2). His black beard was beginning to go grey; his large lively eyes were for ever darting about (2b).

2. ГЛАЗА чьи, кого БЕГАЮТ по чему. Also: БЕГАТЬ ГЛАЗАМИ по чему [VP; subj: human]

⇒ s.o. moves his eyes quickly over (some place, text etc) in the process of surveying it, trying to get a general picture of what is there etc:

- Х-овы глаза бегали по месту Y (по Y-ам) ≈ X's eyes darted (shot) around place Y (from one Y to another);

- Xfe eyes strayed about place Y;

- [in refer, to a text] X's eyes ran quickly over the lines (along the lines, down the page etc).

     ♦ Он медленно проводил своими длинными пальцами по бакенбардам, а глаза его бегали по углам (Тургенев 2). He slowly passed his fingers over his side whiskers, while his eyes strayed about the room (2b).

     ♦ Иван Матвеевич взял письмо и привычными глазами бегал по строкам, а письмо слегка дрожало в его пальцах (Гончаров 1). Ivan Matveyevich took the letter..., his eyes running quickly along the lines, while his hands trembled slightly (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > бегать глазами
15 глаза бегают

• ГЛАЗА БЕГАЮТ

[VPsubj; fixed WO]

=====

1. глаза бегают чьи, (у) кого disapprov s.o. glances rapidly in different directions in order to avoid looking directly into another's eyes (usu. because he fears that eye contact will betray his guilt, fraudulence etc): глаза у X-a бегают ≈ X has shifty (darting) eyes; X's eyes dart (keep darting about).

     ♦... Взгляд [Лёвы] оттого был подозрительным, что глазки автора бегали... (Битов 2)....Lyova's glance was suspicious because the author had shifty eyes (2a).

     ♦ Положительному герою [в идеальном произведении социалистического реализма] противостоит отрицательный. Он... родину спасать не хочет, знамя спасать не хочет, от выполнения планов уклоняется. Руки у него потные, глаза бегают, изо рта пахнет гнилыми зубами (Войнович 1). The positive hero [in the ideal work of socialist realism] is opposed by a negative figure....He is unwilling to save the Motherland and the flag, and seeks to avoid fulfilling the plan. He has sweaty palms, darting eyes, and the smell of rotting teeth on his breath (1a).

     ♦ В чёрной бороде его показывалась проседь; живые большие глаза так и бегали (Пушкин 2). His black beard was beginning to go grey; his large lively eyes were for ever darting about (2b).

2. ГЛАЗА чьи, кого БЕГАЮТ по чему. Also: БЕГАТЬ ГЛАЗАМИ по чему [VP; subj: human]

⇒ s.o. moves his eyes quickly over (some place, text etc) in the process of surveying it, trying to get a general picture of what is there etc:

- Х-овы глаза бегали по месту Y (по Y-ам) ≈ X's eyes darted (shot) around place Y (from one Y to another);

- Xfe eyes strayed about place Y;

- [in refer, to a text] X's eyes ran quickly over the lines (along the lines, down the page etc).

     ♦ Он медленно проводил своими длинными пальцами по бакенбардам, а глаза его бегали по углам (Тургенев 2). He slowly passed his fingers over his side whiskers, while his eyes strayed about the room (2b).

     ♦ Иван Матвеевич взял письмо и привычными глазами бегал по строкам, а письмо слегка дрожало в его пальцах (Гончаров 1). Ivan Matveyevich took the letter..., his eyes running quickly along the lines, while his hands trembled slightly (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > глаза бегают
16 линия

line
(геометрическая)
- (трубопровод, электропроводка) — line
-, базовая — base line
вид сбоку (в торец) на горизонтальную плоскость, являющийея нулевой точкой отсчета ординат, — an edge view of а horizontal plane which is used as a zero point from which to measure all ordinates.
- безопасного пролета над препятствиями — obstacle clearance line (ocl)
линия, ограничивающая высоту над препятствием в зоне, аэродроме, ниже которой не обеспечивается безопасный пролет над препятствием при взлете, заходе на посадку, уходе на второй круг, — the height above the aerodrome elevation below which the minimum prescribed vertical clearance cannot be maintained either on takeoff, approach or in event of a missed approach.
-, береговая — shoreline

а line following the general contour of the shore.
- боевого пути (лпб) — run-in track
- бокового уклонения (лбу) (см. уклонение, линейное боковое) — cross track distance (xtk). а distance left or right from desired track to present position. measured perpendicular to desired track.
-, вертикальная (на полях документа, указывающая на енесение изменения в текст) — vertical line. the portion of the text affected by the current revision is indicated by a vertical black line along the lefthand margin of the page.
- взлетно-посадочной полосы, осевая (рис. 121) — runway center line
выставлять самолет вдоль осовой линии впп — align the airplane with the runway center line
- визирования — line of sight (los)
- визирования на звезду — line of sight to a star, los to a star
-, вихревая — vortex line
-, воздушная (авиатранспортная) — airline
-, воздушная (пневматическая) — pneumatic line
- воздушного дренажа — vent line
- (воздушного) потока — streamline
траектория каждой частицы воздуха, — streamline is а path of each air particle.
- входного (выходного) коридора (впп) — gate line
-, выносная (на чертеже дпя указания размеров и т.п.) — leader. used to indicate where dimensions or notes are intended to apply.
-, выносная, со стрелкой — leader terminating in arrow head
- выносная, с точкой — leader terminated in dot
- выпуска шасси — landing gear extension /down/ line
- горизонта — horizon
- горизонта (авиагоризонта) — horizon bar
- графика (иллюстрирующая пример пользования графиком) (рис. 144) — guide line follow the guide lines to the reference line, and proceed to the left to the appropriate temperature curve.
- действия силы тяги — thrust line
- дренажа (вентиляционная) — vent line
-, дренажная (слива утечек) — drainage line
- заданного пути (лзп) — desired track (dsrtk, dtk)
линия ортодромического курса между двумя последовательными ппm (рис. 124) — this line describes the great circle course between two successive waypoints.
- заданного пути маяка — desired track to beacon, beacon dtk
- заданного пути, текущая — current track
- задержки (цепь) — delay circuit
- заправки (гидросистемы) — supply line
- земли, теоретическая — theoretical ground line
-, изогоническвя — isogonic line
- искусственного горизонта (aг, пкп) (рис. 72) — horizon bar
-, исходная — reference line
- крыла, базовая — wing base line (wbl)
- курса (курс) — heading
-, локсодромическая (см. локсодромия) (рис. 111) — rhumb line
-, магнитная силовая — magnetic line of force
- маршрута (линия пути) (рис. 122) — track, course
- межконтинентальная (авиатранспортная) — intercontinental airline
- местоположений (ла) — line of positions (lop)
- нагнетания — pressure line
-, наклонная (на центровочном графике) — inclined guide line
-, направляющая (иллюстрирующая пример пользования графиком) — guide line
- нулевой подъемной силы — zero-lift line
- обреза — cutting-off line
- ограничения отклонений (от) глиссады — glide slope deviation limit line
- ограничения препятствий (рис. 112) — obstacle (limit) line
-, ортодромическая — great circle line
ортодромический курс - линия пути по ортодромии (большому кругу), включающая точки (пункты) вылета и назначения (рис. 111), — а great circle course is any route or course which follows the line of the great circle which includes the points of departure and destination.
- ортодромического пеленга — great circle bearing line
-, осевая (самолета) — center line (cl, lc)
- отвеса — plumb line
- отсчета (на графике) — reference line (kef, line)
начинать отсчет с левой стороны графика от величины располагаемой взлетной дистанции, провести линию до величины уклона впп, а затем опустить перпендикуляр до пересечения с линией отсчета (рис. 144) — start on left of the chart from the given takeoff distance available, proceed across to the runway slope, then down the guide lines to the referonce line.
-, питающая (гидросистемы) — feed line
- положения — line of position (lop)
геометрическое место точек вероятного местонахождения самолета, соответствующее постоянному значению измеренного навигациоиного параметра. используются след. линии положения: линия ортодромического пеленга, линия равных азимутов (радиопеленгов), линия равных расстаяний и линия равных разностей расстояний (гипербола). — in navigation, а line representing all possible locations of an aircraft at a given instant.
-, пневматическая — pneumatic line
-, пневматическая, заводская — factory airline
-, предвычисленного пеленга — preselected bearing line
-, прицеливания — aiming line
- пролета над препятствиями — obstacle clearance line
-, пунктирная (на графиках) — broken line
- пути (самолета) (лп) — track (тк), course
проекция на земную поверхность траектории его движения в пространстве. применяются две линии пути: ортодромия и лаксодромия (рис. 122). — the path of actual line of an aircraft movement over the surface of the earth. the projection of the path of the centre of gravity of an aircraft on the earth surface.
- пути, заданная (см. л. заданного пути, лзп) (рис. 124) — desired track (dtk, dsrtk)
- пути, истинная — true track
- пути, ортодромическая — great circle track
- пути (по сигналам) вор — vor course /radial/
- пути, фактическая (рис. 124) — track
- равных азимутов (лра) — curve of equal bearings
линия, из любой точки котарой пеленг радиостанции постоянный.
- равных пеленгов (см. л. равных азимутов) — curve of equal bearings
- равных разностей расстояний (гипербола) — line of equal differences in distance, hyperbola
линия, в каждой точке которой разность расстояний до двух фиксированных точек (напр., радиостанций) - постоянная величина.
- равных расстояний (линия положения) — circle of position
линия, все точки которой находятся на одинаковом удалении от фиксированной точки. на земной поверхности: окружность малого круга.
- развертки — sweep
линия движения сканирующей точки на экране рлс. — displacement of а scanning spot оп the screen.
- разъема (конструкции) — break line, split line
выступ бандажа статера соединен шпонками no линии разъема, — the stater shroud ring extension is doweled at the split line.
- связи — communication line
-, секущая (на графике) — line
провести секущую линию до (величины уклона впп 0,55 %). — proceed across to (the runway slope of 0.55 % downhill).
- силы магнитного поля земли — line (of force) of the earth's magnetic field
индукционный датчик гик определяет направление силовых линий магнитного поля земли. — the flux gate detects the direction оf the lines of the earth's magnetic field.
- слива (возврата рабочей жидкости в зону низкого давления) — return line
- слива (за борт) — drain line
- слива масла (при циркуляции в маслосистеме двигателя) — oil return line, return oil line
- слива топлива (на вход наcoca высокого давления из системы управления) — lp fuel return (from control system)
- сноски (на графике) — reference line
- со стрелками, пунктирная (на графике) (рис. 144) — arrowed broken line
-, сплошная (на графике) — continuous line
-, средняя (профиля) — center line (of an airfoil)
линия, равноудаленная от верхней и нижней поверхностей (обводов) аэродинамического профиля. (рис. 139) — а line, each point of which is equidistant from the upper and tower boundaries of the airfoil section
- старта — standing start
перпендикулярная оси впп линия, над которой находится центр тяжести самолета при его стояночном попожении перед началом разбега при взлете. (рис. 139) — the takeoff path extends from а standing start to а point at which the airplane is 1,500 feet above the takeoff surface.
- технологического разъема — production break-line
- тока (возд. потока) — streamline
- тяги — thrust line
- уборки шасси — landing gear retraction /up/ line
- установки вооружения, базовая — armament datum line (adl)
- хорды — chord line
прямая линия соединяющая крайние точки передней и задней кромки аэродинамического профиля, (рис. 138) — the straight line through the centres of curvature at the leading and trailing edges of an aerofoil section.
- хорды лопасти винта — propeller blade chord line the propeller blade chord line is at 2/3 radius section.
- четвертей хорд (рис. 8) — quarter-chord line, 25 % chord line
-, штрих-пунктирная (на графике) — dash-and-dot line
-, эквидистантная полет по лп (90") станции vor в направлении от (к) станции — equidistant line flying on (90") outbound (inbound) vor radial
выводить самолет на лзп — put /roll/ the aircraft on the desired track
выдерживать лзп — maintain the desired track
выставлять самолет в л. горизонтального полета без крена — level the airplane
выходить на лзп — get /roll, rollout/ on the desired track
выходить на лп (90") по сигналам вор (90") — intercept and fly the vor course /radial/
выходить на лп (90") станции вор и стабилизироваться на ней с автоматическим учетом угла сноса — intercept аnd fly the vor (90") radial with crosswind correction automatically computed
проводить вертикальную л. вверх или вниз (на графике) — proceed /go/ up or down
проводить вертикальную л. — go up (down) from the refer
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Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > линия
17 πνεῦμα

πνεῦμα, ατος, τό (πνέω; Aeschyl., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+. On the history of the word s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 308ff).

① air in movement, blowing, breathing (even the glowing exhalations of a volcanic crater: Diod S 5, 7, 3)

ⓐ wind (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX, EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 343; 349; SibOr 8, 297) in wordplay τὸ πνεῦμα πνεῖ the wind blows J 3:8a (EpJer 60 πνεῦμα ἐν πάσῃ χώρᾳ πνεῖ. But s. TDonn, ET 66, ’54f, 32; JThomas, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 219–24). ὀθόνη πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένη MPol 15:2. Of God ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα who makes his angels winds Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both Ps 103:4).

ⓑ the breathing out of air, blowing, breath (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Tim. 79b; LXX) ὁ ἄνομος, ὅν ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 2 Th 2:8 (cp. Is 11:4; Ps 32:6).

② that which animates or gives life to the body, breath, (life-)spirit (Aeschyl. et al.; Phoenix of Colophon 1, 16 [Coll. Alex. p. 231] πν.=a breathing entity [in contrast to becoming earth in death]; Polyb. 31, 10, 4; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 394b, 8ff; PHib 5, 54 [III B.C.]; PGM 4, 538; 658; 2499; LXX; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 19 [Stone p. 44] al.; JosAs 19:3; SibOr 4, 46; Tat. 4:2) ἀφιέναι τὸ πνεῦμα give up one’s spirit, breathe one’s last (Eur., Hec. 571; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 2) Mt 27:50. J says for this παραδιδόναι τὸ πν. 19:3 (cp. ApcMos 31 ἀποδῶ τὸ πν.; Just., D. 105, 5). Of the return of the (life-)spirit of a deceased person into her dead body ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πν. αὐτῆς Lk 8:55 (cp. Jdg 15:19). εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πν. μου into your hands I entrust my spirit 23:46 (Ps 30:6; for alleged focus on ἐλπίζειν s. EBons, BZ 38, ’94, 93–101). κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου Ac 7:59; composite of both passages AcPl Ha 10, 23 (cp. ApcMos 42). τὸ πν. μου ὁ δεσπότης δέξεται GJs 23:3 (on the pneuma flying upward after death cp. Epicharm. in Vorsokrat. 23 [=13, 4th ed.], B 9 and 22; Eur., Suppl. 533 πνεῦμα μὲν πρὸς αἰθέρα, τὸ σῶμα δʼ ἐς γῆν; PGM 1, 177ff τελευτήσαντός σου τὸ σῶμα περιστελεῖ, σοῦ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα … εἰς ἀέρα ἄξει σὺν αὑτῷ ‘when you are dead [the angel] will wrap your body … and take your spirit with him into the sky’). τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πν. νεκρόν ἐστιν Js 2:26. πν. ζωῆς ἐκ τ. θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the prophet-witnesses who have been martyred) Rv 11:11 (cp. Ezk 37:10 v.l. εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτοὺς πνεῦμα ζωῆς; vs. 5). Of the spirit that animated the image of a beast, and enabled it to speak and to have Christians put to death 13:15.—After a person’s death, the πν. lives on as an independent being, in heaven πνεύματα δικαὶων τετελειωμένων Hb 12:23 (cp. Da 3:86 εὐλογεῖτε, πνεύματα καὶ ψυχαὶ δικαίων, τὸν κύριον). According to non-biblical sources, the πν. are in the netherworld (cp. En 22:3–13; Sib Or 7, 127) or in the air (PGM 1, 178), where evil spirits can prevent them from ascending higher (s. ἀήρ2b). τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν 1 Pt 3:19 belongs here if it refers to Jesus’ preaching to the spirits of the dead confined in Hades (so Usteri et al.; s. also JMcCulloch, The Harrowing of Hell, 1930), whether it be when he descended into Hades, or when he returned to heaven (so RBultmann, Bekenntnis u. Liedfragmente im 1 Pt: ConNeot11, ’47, 1–14).—CClemen, Niedergefahren zu den Toten 1900; JTurmel, La Descente du Christ aux enfers 1905; JMonnier, La Descente aux enfers 1906; HHoltzmann, ARW 11, 1908, 285–97; KGschwind, Die Niederfahrt Christi in die Unterwelt 1911; DPlooij, De Descensus in 1 Pt 3:19 en 4:6: TT 47, 1913, 145–62; JBernard, The Descent into Hades a Christian Baptism (on 1 Pt 3:19ff): Exp. 8th ser., 11, 1916, 241–74; CSchmidt, Gespräche Jesu mit seinen Jüngern: TU 43, 1919, 452ff; JFrings, BZ 17, 1926, 75–88; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; RGanschinietz, Katabasis: Pauly-W. X/2, 1919, 2359–449; Clemen² 89–96; WBieder, Die Vorstellung v. d. Höllenfahrt Jesu Chr. ’49; SJohnson, JBL 79, ’60, 48–51; WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits ’65. S. also the lit. in Windisch, Hdb.² 1930, exc. on 1 Pt 3:20; ESelwyn, The First Ep. of St. Peter ’46 and 4c below.—This is prob. also the place for θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι• ἐν ᾧ καὶ … 1 Pt 3:18f (some mss. read πνεύματι instead of πνεύμασιν in vs. 19, evidently in ref. to the manner of Jesus’ movement; πνεῦμα is that part of Christ which, in contrast to σάρξ, did not pass away in death, but survived as an individual entity after death; s. ἐν 7). Likew. the contrast κατὰ σάρκα … κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 1:3f. Cp. 1 Ti 3:16.

③ a part of human personality, spirit

ⓐ when used with σάρξ, the flesh, it denotes the immaterial part 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5. Flesh and spirit=the whole personality, in its outer and inner aspects, oft. in Ign.: IMg 1:2; 13:1a; ITr ins; 12:1; IRo ins; ISm 1:1; IPol 5:1; AcPl Ant 13, 18 (=Aa I 237, 3).—In the same sense beside σῶμα, the body (Simplicius, In Epict. p. 50, 1; Ps.-Phoc. 106f; PGM 1, 178) 1 Cor 5:3–5; 7:34.—The inner life of humans is divided into ψυχὴ καὶ πνεῦμα (cp. Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 10 p. 370c τὶ θεῖον ὄντως ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ=a divine spirit was actually in the soul; Wsd 15:11; Jos., Ant. 1, 34; Tat. 13, 2; 15, 1 et al.; Ath. 27, 1. S. also Herm. Wr. 10, 13; 16f; PGM 4, 627; 630. ἐκ τριῶν συνεστάναι λέγουσι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ πνεύματος Did., Gen. 55, 14) Hb 4:12. Cp. Phil 1:27. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα 1 Th 5:23 (s. GMilligan, Thess. 1908, 78f; EvDobschütz in Meyer X⁷ 1909, 230ff; EBurton, Spirit, Soul, and Flesh 1918; AFestugière, La Trichotomie des 1 Th 5:23 et la Philos. gr.: RSR 20, 1930, 385–415; CMasson, RTP 33, ’45, 97–102; FGrant, An Introd. to NT Thought ’50, 161–66). σαρκί, ψυχῇ, πνεύματι IPhld 11:2.

ⓑ as the source and seat of insight, feeling, and will, gener. as the representative part of human inner life (cp. PGM 4, 627; 3 Km 20:5; Sir 9:9 al.; Just., D. 30, 1; Did., Gen. 232, 5) ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ Mk 2:8. ἀναστενάξας τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ λέγει 8:12 (s. ἀναστενάζω). ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πν. μου Lk 1:47 (in parallelism w. ψυχή vs. 46, as Sir 9:9). ἠγαλλιάσατο τῷ πν. 10:21 v.l., Ἰησοῦς ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πν. J 11:33 (s. ἐμβριμάομαι 3); Ἰης. ἐταράχθη τῷ πν. 13:21. παρωξύνετο τὸ πν. αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ Ac 17:16; ζέων τῷ πν. with spirit-fervor 18:25 (s. ζέω). τὸ παιδίον ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι Lk 1:80; 2:40 v.l.; ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πν. Paul made up his mind Ac 19:21 (some would put this pass. in 6c, but cp. Lk 1:66 and analogous formulations Hom. et al. in L-S-J-M s.v. τίθημι A6). προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι of the spiritual, i.e. the pure, inner worship of God, that has nothing to do w. holy times, places, appurtenances, or ceremonies J 4:23; cp. vs. 24b. πν. συντετριμμένον (Ps 50:19) 1 Cl 18:17; 52:4.—2 Cl 20:4; Hv 3, 12, 2; 3, 13, 2.—This usage is also found in Paul. His conviction (s. 5 below) that the Christian possesses the (divine) πνεῦμα and thus is different fr. all other people, leads him to choose this word in preference to others, in order to characterize a believer’s inner being gener. ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πν. μου Ro 1:9. οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πν. μου 2 Cor 2:13. Cp. 7:13. As a matter of fact, it can mean simply a person’s very self or ego: τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν the Spirit (of God) bears witness to our very self Ro 8:16 (cp. PGM 12, 327 ἠκούσθη μου τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπὸ πνεύματος οὐρανοῦ). ἀνέπαυσαν τὸ ἐμὸν πν. καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν they have refreshed both me and you 1 Cor 16:18. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. μετά τοῦ πν. (ὑμῶν) Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25. Cp. 2 Ti 4:22. Likew. in Ign. τὸ ἐμὸν πν. my (unworthy) self IEph 18:1; IRo 9:3; cp. 1 Cor 2:11a—On the relation of the divine Spirit to the believer’s spiritual self, s. SWollenweider, Der Geist Gottes als Selbst der Glaubenden: ZTK 93, ’96, 163–92.—Only a part of the inner life, i.e. that which concerns the will, is meant in τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. That which is inferior, anxiety, fear of suffering, etc. is attributed to the σάρξ.—The mng. of the expr. οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 is difficult to determine w. certainty (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a πένης ἀνὴρ τὴν ψυχήν. The dat. as τῇ ψυχῇ M. Ant. 6, 52; 8, 51). The sense is prob. those who are poor in their inner life, because they do not have a misdirected pride in their own spiritual riches (s. AKlöpper, Über den Sinn u. die ursprgl. Form der ersten Seligpreisung der Bergpredigt bei Mt: ZWT 37, 1894, 175–91; RKabisch, Die erste Seligpreisung: StKr 69, 1896, 195–215; KKöhler, Die ursprgl. Form der Seligpreisungen: StKr 91, 1918, 157–92; JBoehmer, De Schatkamer 17, 1923, 11–16, TT [Copenhagen] 4, 1924, 195–207, JBL 45, 1926, 298–304; WMacgregor, ET 39, 1928, 293–97; VMacchioro, JR 12, ’32, 40–49; EEvans, Theology 47, ’44, 55–60; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 134ff; Betz, SM 116 n. 178 for Qumran reff.).

ⓒ spiritual state, state of mind, disposition ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος with love and a gentle spirit 1 Cor 4:21; cp. Gal 6:1. τὸ πν. τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν Eph 4:23 (s. νοῦς 2a). ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος with the imperishable (gift) of a quiet disposition 1 Pt 3:4.

④ an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses, spirit (ELangton, Good and Evil Spirits ’42).

ⓐ God personally: πνεῦμα ὁ θεός J 4:24a (Ath. 16, 2; on God as a spirit, esp. in the Stoa, s. MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48/49. Hdb. ad loc. Also Celsus 6, 71 [Stoic]; Herm. Wr. 18, 3 ἀκάματον μέν ἐστι πνεῦμα ὁ θεός).

ⓑ good, or at least not expressly evil spirits or spirit-beings (cp. CIG III, 5858b δαίμονες καὶ πνεύματα; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 69, 6; 12 Pasqu.; En 15:4; 6; 8; 10; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 15f [Stone p. 10, 15f] πάντα τὰ ἐπουράνια πνεύματα; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82] ὑψηλὸν πν.; PGM 3, 8 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, ἱερὸν πνεῦμα; 4, 1448; 3080; 12, 249) πνεῦμα w. ἄγγελος (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 108; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 33; 8, 12) Ac 23:8f. God is ὁ παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστης καὶ ἐπίσκοπος 1 Cl 59:3b.—Pl., God the μόνος εὐεργέτης πνεύματων 1 Cl 59:3a. Cp. 64 (s. on this Num 16:22; 27:16. Prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 351–55=LAE 423ff=SIG 1181, 2] τὸν θεὸν τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων; PGM 5, 467 θεὸς θεῶν, ὁ κύριος τῶν πν.; sim. the magic pap PWarr 21, 24; 26 [III A.D.]); the πατὴρ τῶν πνευμάτων Hb 12:9. Intermediary beings (in polytheistic terminology: δαίμονες) that serve God are called λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα Hb 1:14. In Rv we read of the ἑπτὰ πνεύματα (τοῦ θεοῦ) 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6; s. ASkrinjar, Biblica 16, ’35, 1–24; 113–40.— Ghost Lk 24:37, 39.

ⓒ evil spirits (PGM 13, 798; 36, 160; TestJob 27, 2; ApcSed [both Satan]; AscIs 3:28; Just., D. 39, 6 al.; Ath. 25, 3), esp. in accounts of healing in the Synoptics: (τὸ) πνεῦμα (τὸ) ἀκάθαρτον (Just., D. 82, 3) Mt 12:43; Mk 1:23, 26; 3:30; 5:2, 8; 7:25; 9:25a; Lk 8:29; 9:42; 11:24; Rv 18:2. Pl. (TestBenj 5:2) Mt 10:1; Mk 1:27; 3:11; 5:13; 6:7; Lk 4:36; 6:18; Ac 5:16; 8:7; Rv 16:13; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.—τὸ πν. τὸ πονηρόν Ac 19:15f. Pl. (En 99:7; TestSim 4:9; 6:6, TestJud 16:1; Just., D. 76, 6) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f.—πν. ἄλαλον Mk 9:17; cp. vs. 25b (s. ἄλαλος). πν. πύθων Ac 16:16 (s. πύθων). πν. ἀσθενείας Lk 13:11. Cp. 1 Ti 4:1b. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου (s. δαιμόνιον 2) Lk 4:33. πνεύματα δαιμονίων Rv 16:14 (in effect = personified ‘exhalations’ of evil powers; for the combination of πν. and δαιμ. cp. the love spell Sb 4324, 16f τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δαιμόνων τούτων).—Abs. of a harmful spirit Mk 9:20; Lk 9:39; Ac 16:18. Pl. Mt 8:16; 12:45; Lk 10:20; 11:26.—1 Pt 3:19 (s. 2 above) belongs here if the πνεύματα refer to hostile spirit-powers, evil spirits, fallen angels (so FSpitta, Christi Predigt an die Geister 1890; HGunkel, Zum religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 72f; WBousset, ZNW 19, 1920, 50–66; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919, 25ff; Knopf, Windisch, FHauck ad loc.; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, esp. 54–56, 69).—Hermas also has the concept of evil spirits that lead an independent existence, and live and reign within the inner life of a pers.; the Holy Spirit, who also lives or would like to live there, is forced out by them (cp. TestDan 4) Hm 5, 1, 2–4; 5, 2, 5–8; 10, 1, 2. τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον … ἕτερον πονηρὸν πν. 5, 1, 2. These πνεύματα are ὀξυχολία 5, 1, 3; 5, 2, 8 (τὸ πονηρότατον πν.); 10, 1, 2; διψυχία 9:11 (ἐπίγειον πν. ἐστι παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου); 10, 1, 2; λύπη 10, 1, 2 (πάντων τῶν πνευμάτων πονηροτέρα) and other vices. On the complicated pneuma-concept of the Mandates of Hermas s. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hm 5, 2, 7; cp. Leutzsch, Hermas 453f n. 133.

⑤ God’s being as controlling influence, with focus on association with humans, Spirit, spirit as that which differentiates God fr. everything that is not God, as the divine power that produces all divine existence, as the divine element in which all divine life is carried on, as the bearer of every application of the divine will. All those who belong to God possess or receive this spirit and hence have a share in God’s life. This spirit also serves to distinguish Christians fr. all unbelievers (cp. PGM 4, 1121ff, where the spirit is greeted as one who enters devotees and, in accordance w. God’s will, separates them fr. themselves, i.e. fr. the purely human part of their nature); for this latter aspect s. esp. 6 below.

ⓐ the Spirit of God, of the Lord (=God) etc. (LXX; TestSim 4:4; JosAs 8:11; ApcSed 14:6; 15:6; ApcMos 43; SibOr 3, 701; Ps.-Phoc. 106; Philo; Joseph. [s. c below]; apolog. Cp. Plut., Numa 4, 6 πνεῦμα θεοῦ, capable of begetting children; s. παρθένος a) τὸ πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:11b, 14; 3:16; 6:11; 1J 4:2a (Just., D. 49, 3; Tat. 13, 3; Ath. 22, 3). τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πν. 1 Pt 4:14 (Just., A I, 60, 6). τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12b. τὸ πν. κυρίου Ac 5:9; B 6:14; B 9:2 (cp. Mel., P. 32, 222). τὸ πνεῦμά μου or αὐτοῦ: Mt 12:18 (Is 42:1); Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f.—Cp. 1QS 4:21); 1 Cor 2:10a v.l.; Eph 3:16; 1 Th 4:8 (where τὸ ἅγιον is added); 1J 4:13.—τὸ πν. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν Mt 10:20. τὸ πν. τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ro 8:11a.—Without the art. πν. θεοῦ (JosAs 4:9; Tat. 15:3; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 18]) the Spirit of God Mt 3:16; 12:28; Ro 8:9b, 14, 19; 1 Cor 7:40; 12:3a; 2 Cor 3:3 (πν. θεοῦ ζῶντος); Phil 3:3. πν. κυρίου Lk 4:18 (Is 61:1); Ac 8:39 (like J 3:8; 20:22; Ac 2:4, this pass. belongs on the borderline betw. the mngs. ‘wind’ and ‘spirit’; cp. Diod S 3, 60, 3 Ἕσπερον ἐξαίφνης ὑπὸ πνευμάτων συναρπαγέντα μεγάλων ἄφαντον γενέσθαι ‘Hesperus [a son of Atlas] was suddenly snatched by strong winds and vanished fr. sight’. S. HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919, 19ff; OCullmann, TZ. 4, ’48, 364); 1 Cl 21:2.

ⓑ the Spirit of Christ, of the Lord (=Christ) etc. τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ Ac 16:7. τὸ πν. Χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:32. τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς πν. Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:11. πν. Χριστοῦ Ro 8:9c. πν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ AcPl Ha 8, 18. ἀπὸ τοῦ πν. τοῦ χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:10. τὸ πν. Ἰης. Χριστοῦ Phil 1:19. τὸ πν. κυρίου 2 Cor 3:17b (JHermann, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61). τὸ πν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ (=θεοῦ) Gal 4:6. As possessor of the divine Spirit, and at the same time controlling its distribution among humans, Christ is called κύριος πνεύματος Lord of the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18 (s. Windisch ad loc.); but many prefer to transl. from the Lord who is the Spirit.—CMoule, OCullmann Festschr., ’72, 231–37.

ⓒ Because of its heavenly origin and nature this Spirit is called (the) Holy Spirit (cp. PGM 4, 510 ἵνα πνεύσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα.—Neither Philo nor Josephus called the Spirit πν. ἅγιον; the former used θεῖον or θεοῦ πν., the latter πν. θεῖον: Ant. 4, 118; 8, 408; 10, 239; but ἅγιον πνεῦμα Orig. C. Cels 1, 40, 16).

α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (Is 63:10f; Ps 50:13; 142:10 v.l.; cp. Sus 45 Theod.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 10 [Stone p. 10]; JosAs 8:11 [codd. ADE]; AscIs 3, 15, 26; Just., D. 36, 6 al.) Mt 12:32 = Mk 3:29 = Lk 12:10 (τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα; on the ‘sin against the Holy Spirit’ s. HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 96–112; AFridrichsen, Le péché contre le Saint-Esprit: RHPR 3, 1923, 367–72). Mk 12:36; 13:11; Lk 2:26; 3:22; 10:21; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; 2:33; 5:3, 32; 7:51; 8:18 v.l.; 10:44, 47; 11:15; 13:2; 15:8, 28; 19:6; 20:23, 28; 21:11; 28:25; Eph 1:13 (τὸ πν. τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἅγιον); 4:30 (τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ); Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 16:2; 18:11 (Ps 50:13); 22:1; IEph 9:1; Hs 5, 5, 2; 5, 6, 5–7 (on the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Son in Hermas s. ALink, Christi Person u. Werk im Hirten des Hermas 1886; JvWalter, ZNW 14, 1913, 133–44; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. following Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 572–76).—τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα (Wsd 9:17; OdeSol 11:2; TestJob 51:2; ApcEsdr 7:16; Just. D. 25, 1 al.) Mt 28:19; Lk 12:10 (s. above), 12; Ac 1:8; 2:38 (epexegetic gen.); 4:31; 9:31; 10:45; 13:4; 16:6; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 13:13; 1J 5:7 v.l. (on the Comma Johanneum s. λόγο 3); GJs 24:4 (s. χρηματίζω 1bα). As the mother of Jesus GHb 20, 61 (HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 64ff; SHirsch, D. Vorstellg. v. e. weibl. πνεῦμα ἅγ. im NT u. in d. ältesten christl. Lit. 1927. Also WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 9ff).

β. without the art. (s. B-D-F §257, 2; Rob. 761; 795) πνεῦμα ἅγιον (PGM 3, 289; Da 5:12 LXX; PsSol 17:37; AssMos Fgm. b; Just., D. 4, 1 al.; Ath. 24, 1. S. also Da Theod. 4:8, 9, 18 θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἅγιον or πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἅγιον) Mk 1:8; Lk 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25; 4:1; 11:13; J 20:22 (Cassien, La pentecôte johannique [J 20:19–23] ’39.—See also 1QS 4:20f); Ac 2:4a; 4:8; 7:55; 8:15, 17, 19; 9:17; 10:38; 11:24; 13:9; 19:2ab; Hb 2:4; 6:4; 1 Pt 1:12 v.l.; 1 Cl 2:2; AcPl 6:18; 9:4 (restored after Aa I 110, 11); AcPlCor 2:5.—So oft. in combination w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου Ac 1:2; 4:25; Ro 5:5; 2 Ti 1:14; 1 Cl 8:1 (cp. διὰ πν. αἰωνίου Hb 9:14). διὰ φωνῆς πν. ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 6. ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου (Eus., PE 3, 12, 3 of the Egyptians: ἐκ τ. πνεύματος οἴονται συλλαμβάνειν τὸν γῦπα. Here πνεῦμα= ‘wind’; s. Horapollo 1, 11 p. 14f. The same of other birds since Aristot.—On the neut. πνεῦμα as a masc. principle cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 13 of the two original principles: πατέρα μὲν φῶς, μητέρα δὲ σκότος) Mt 1:18, 20; IEph 18:2; GJs 14:2; 19:1 (pap). ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (PsSol 17:37; ApcZeph; Ar. 15, 1) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8 v.l.; Lk 3:16; J 1:33b; Ac 1:5 (cp. 1QS 3:7f); 11:16; Ro 9:1; 14:17; 15:16; 1 Cor 12:3b; 2 Cor 6:6; 1 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 1:12 (without ἐν v.l.); Jd 20. ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου 2 Pt 1:21. Cp. ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου Ro 15:13, 19 v.l. (for πνεύματος θεοῦ). μετὰ χαρᾶς πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6. διὰ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου Tit 3:5.

ⓓ abs.

α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα. In this connection the art. is perh. used anaphorically at times, w. the second mention of a word (s. B-D-F §252; Rob. 762); perh. Mt 12:31 (looking back to vs. 28 πν. θεοῦ); Mk 1:10, 12 (cp. vs. 8 πν. ἅγιον); Lk 4:1b, 14 (cp. vs. 1a); Ac 2:4b (cp. vs. 4a).—As a rule it is not possible to assume that anaphora is present: Mt 4:1; J 1:32, 33a; 3:6a, 8b (in wordplay), 34; 7:39a; Ac 8:29; 10:19; 11:12, 28; 19:1 D; 20:3 D, 22; 21:4; Ro 8:23 (ἀπαρχή 1bβ; 2), 26a, 27; 12:11; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:22 and 5:5 (KErlemann, ZNW 83, ’92, 202–23, and s. ἀρραβών); 12:18 (τῷ αὐτῷ πν.); Gal 3:2, 5, 14 (ἐπαγγελία 1bβ); Eph 4:3 (gen. of the author); 6:17 (perh. epexegetic gen.); 1 Ti 4:1a; Js 4:5; 1J 3:24; 5:6ab (some mss. add καὶ πνεύματος to the words διʼ ὕδατος κ. αἵματος at the beg. of the verse; this is approved by HvSoden, Moffatt, Vogels, Merk, and w. reservations by CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46, TManson, JTS 48, ’47, 25–33), vs. 8; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 14:13; 22:17; B 19:2, B 7= D 4:10 (s. ἐτοιμάζω b). ἐν τῷ πνεύματι (led) by the Spirit Lk 2:27.—Paul links this Spirit of God, known to every Christian, with Christ as liberating agent in contrast to legal constraint ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστιν the Lord means Spirit 2 Cor 3:17a (UHolzmeister, 2 Cor 3:17 Dominus autem Spiritus est 1908; JNisius, Zur Erklärung v. 2 Cor 3:16ff: ZKT 40, 1916, 617–75; JKögel, Ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 35–46; C Guignebert, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. II 1928, 7–22; EFuchs, Christus u. d. Geist b. Pls ’32; HHughes, ET 45, ’34, 235f; CLattey, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 187–89; DGriffiths ET 55, ’43, 81–83; HIngo, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61 [Paul]; JDunn, JTS 21, ’70, 309–20).

β. without the art. πνεῦμα B 1:3. κοινωνία πνεύματος Phil 2:1 (κοινωνία 1 and 2). πνεύματι in the Spirit or through the Spirit Gal 3:3; 5:5, 16, 18; 1 Pt 4:6. εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν if we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit Gal 5:25. Freq. used w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. ἐξ (ὕδατος καὶ) πνεύματος J 3:5. ἐν πνεύματι in, by, through the Spirit Mt 22:43; Eph 2:22; 3:5; 5:18; 6:18; Col 1:8 (ἀγάπη ἐν πνεύματι love called forth by the Spirit); B 9:7. κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4f; Gal 4:29. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2 (s. ἁγιασμός).—In neg. expressions: οὔπω ἧν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39b. ψυχικοὶ πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες worldly people, who do not have the Spirit Jd 19.—ἓν πνεῦμα one and the same Spirit 1 Cor 12:13; Eph 2:18; 4:4; one (in) Spirit 1 Cor 6:17.

ⓔ The Spirit is more closely defined by a gen. of thing: τὸ πν. τῆς ἀληθείας (TestJud 20:5) J 14:17; 15:26; 16:13 (in these three places the Spirit of Truth is the Paraclete promised by Jesus upon his departure); 1J 4:6 (opp. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης, as TestJud 20:1; PsSol 8:14 πλ. πλανήσεως; Just., D. 7, 3 πλάνου καὶ ἀκαθάρτου πνεύματος; cp. 1QS 4:23); τὸ τῆς δόξης πν. 1 Pt 4:14. τὸ πν. τῆς ζωῆς the Spirit of life Ro 8:2. το πν. τῆς πίστεως 2 Cor 4:13. πν. σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως Eph 1:17 (cp. Just., D. 87, 4). πν. υἱοθεσίας Ro 8:15b (opp. πν. δουλείας vs. 15a). πν. δυνάμεως AcPl Ha 8, 25. πν. δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 2 Ti 1:7 (opp. πν. δειλίας). τὸ πν. τῆς χάριτος (s. TestJud 24:2) Hb 10:29 (Zech 12:10); cp. 1 Cl 46:6.

ⓕ Of Christ ‘it is written’ in Scripture: (ἐγένετο) ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν 1 Cor 15:45. The scripture pass. upon which the first part of this verse is based is Gen 2:7, where Wsd 15:11 also substitutes the words πνεῦμα ζωτικόν for πνοὴν ζωῆς (cp. Just., D. 6, 2). On the other hand, s. Philo, Leg. All. 1, 42 and s. the lit. s.v. Ἀδάμ ad loc.

ⓖ The (divine) Pneuma stands in contrast to everything that characterizes this age or the finite world gener.: οὐ τὸ πν. τοῦ κόσμου ἀλλὰ τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12; cp. Eph 2:2 and 1 Ti 4:1ab.

α. in contrast to σάρξ, which is more closely connected w. sin than any other earthly material (Just., D. 135, 6): J 3:6; Ro 8:4–6, 9a, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:17ab; 6:8. Cp. B 10:9. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος στρατεύεται Pol 5:3.

β. in contrast to σῶμα (=σάρξ) Ro 8:10 and to σάρξ (=σῶμα, as many hold) J 6:63a (for τὸ πν. ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν cp. Philo, Op. Mund. 30; Herm. Wr. in Cyrill., C. Jul. I 556c=542, 24 Sc. the pneuma τὰ πάντα ζῳοποιεῖ καὶ τρέφει. S. also f above). Cp. Ro 8:11b.

γ. in contrast to γράμμα, which is the characteristic quality of God’s older declaration of the divine will in the law: Ro 2:29; 7:6; 2 Cor 3:6ab, 8 (cp. vs. 7).

δ. in contrast to the wisdom of humans 1 Cor 2:13.

⑥ the Spirit of God as exhibited in the character or activity of God’s people or selected agents, Spirit, spirit (s. HPreisker, Geist u. Leben ’33).

ⓐ πνεῦμα is accompanied by another noun, which characterizes the working of the Spirit more definitely: πνεῦμα καὶ δύναμις spirit and power Lk 1:17; 1 Cor 2:4. Cp. Ac 10:38; 1 Th 1:5. πνεῦμα καὶ ζωή J 6:63b. πνεῦμα κ. σοφία Ac 6:3; cp. vs. 10 (cp. TestReub 2:6 πνεῦμα λαλίας). πίστις κ. πνεῦμα ἅγιον 6:5 (cp. Just., D. 135, 6). χαρὰ καὶ πνεῦμα ἅγ. 13:52.

ⓑ Unless frustrated by humans in their natural condition, the Spirit of God produces a spiritual type of conduct Gal 5:16, 25 and produces the καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος vs. 22 (s. Vögtle under πλεονεξία).

ⓒ The Spirit inspires certain people of God B 12:2; B 13:5, above all, in their capacity as proclaimers of a divine revelation (Strabo 9, 3, 5 the πνεῦμα ἐνθουσιαστικόν, that inspired the Pythia; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; 33, 5 of the divine πν. that impels prophets and poets to express themselves; schol. on Pla. 856e of a μάντις: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 4 [=Fgm. 2, 4 p. 136 Holladay] τὸ θεῖον πν., καθʼ ὸ̔ καὶ προφήτης ἀνακεκήρυκται ‘[Moses possessed] the Divine Spirit with the result that he was proclaimed a prophet’; AscIs 1:7 τὸ πν. τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί; AssMos Fgm. f εἶδεν πνεύματι ἐπαρθείς; Just., A I, 38, 1 al.; Ath. 10, 3 τὸ προφητικὸν πν. Cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 23 of Proclus: οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ θείας ἐπινοίας … διαλέγεσθαι; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 23). προφητεία came into being only as ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 2 Pt 1:21; cp. Ac 15:29 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 8:1. David Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; cp. Ac 1:16; 4:25. Isaiah Ac 28:25. Moses B 10:2, B 9; the Spirit was also active in giving the tables of the law to Moses 14:2. Christ himself spoke in the OT διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου 1 Cl 22:1. The ἱεραὶ γραφαί are called αἱ διὰ τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἁγίου 45:2.—The Christian prophet Agabus also ἐσήμαινεν διὰ τοῦ πν. Ac 11:28; cp. Ac 21:11. Likew. Ign. IPhld 7:2. In general the Spirit reveals the most profound secrets to those who believe 1 Cor 2:10ab.—1 Cl claims to be written διὰ τοῦ ἁγ. πν. 63:2. On Ac 19:21 s. 3b.

ⓓ The Spirit of God, being one, shows the variety and richness of its life in the different kinds of spiritual gifts which are granted to certain Christians 1 Cor 12:4, 7, 11; cp. vs. 13ab.—Vss. 8–10 enumerate the individual gifts of the Spirit, using various prepositions: διὰ τοὺ πν. vs. 8a; κατὰ τὸ πν. vs. 8b; ἐν τῷ πν. vs. 9ab. τὸ πν. μὴ σβέννυτε do not quench the Spirit 1 Th 5:19 refers to the gift of prophecy, acc. to vs. 20.—The use of the pl. πνεύματα is explained in 1 Cor 14:12 by the varied nature of the Spirit’s working; in vs. 32 by the number of persons who possess the prophetic spirit; on the latter s. Rv 22:6 and 19:10.

ⓔ One special type of spiritual gift is represented by ecstatic speaking. Of those who ‘speak in tongues’ that no earthly person can understand: πνεύματι λαλεῖ μυστήρια expresses secret things in a spiritual way 1 Cor 14:2. Cp. vss. 14–16 and s. νοῦς 1b. τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις the Spirit pleads in our behalf with groans beyond words Ro 8:26b. Of speech that is ecstatic, but expressed in words that can be understood λαλεῖν ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7, 8; cp. vs. 9 (on the subject-matter 1 Cor 12:3; Jos., Ant. 4, 118f; TestJob 43:2 ἀναλαβὼν Ἐλιφᾶς πν. εἶπεν ὕμνον). Of the state of mind of the seer of the Apocalypse: ἐν πνεύματι Rv 17:3; 21:10; γενέσθαι ἐν πν. 1:10; 4:2 (s. γίνομαι 5c, ἐν 4c and EMoering, StKr 92, 1920, 148–54; RJeske, NTS 31, ’85, 452–66); AcPl Ha 6, 27. On the Spirit at Pentecost Ac 2:4 s. KLake: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 111–21. κατασταλέντος τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἐν Μύρτῃ when the Spirit (of prophecy) that was in Myrta ceased speaking AcPl Ha 7, 9.

ⓕ The Spirit leads and directs Christian missionaries in their journeys (Aelian, NA 11, 16 the young women are led blindfolded to the cave of the holy serpent; they are guided by a πνεῦμα θεῖον) Ac 16:6, 7 (by dreams, among other methods; cp. vs. 9f and s. Marinus, Vi. Procli 27: Proclus ἔφασκεν προθυμηθῆναι μὲν πολλάκις γράψαι, κωλυθῆναι δὲ ἐναργῶς ἔκ τινων ἐνυπνίων). In Ac 16:6–7 τὸ ἅγιον πν. and τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ are distinguished.

⑦ an activating spirit that is not fr. God, spirit: πν. ἔτερον a different (kind of) spirit 2 Cor 11:4. Cp. 2 Th 2:2; 1J 4:1–3. Because there are persons activated by such spirits, it is necessary to test the var. kinds of spirits (the same problem Artem. 3, 20 περὶ διαφορᾶς μάντεων, οἷς δεῖ προσέχειν καὶ οἷς μή) 1 Cor 12:10; 1J 4:1b. ὁ διάβολος πληροῖ αὐτὸν αὐτοῦ πν. Hm 11:3. Also οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε Lk 9:55 v.l. distinguishes betw. the spirit shown by Jesus’ disciples, and another kind of spirit.—Even more rarely a spirit divinely given that is not God’s own; so (in a quot. fr. Is 29:10) a πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ro 11:8.

⑧ an independent transcendent personality, the Spirit, which appears in formulas that became more and more fixed and distinct (cp. Ath. 12, 2; Hippol., Ref. 7, 26, 2.—Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 12 θεόν, υἱόν πατρός, πνεῦμα ἐκ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον ἓν ἐκ τριῶν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς τρία, ταῦτα νόμιζε Ζῆνα, τόνδʼ ἡγοῦ θεόν=‘God, son of the father, spirit proceeding from the father, one from three and three from one, consider these as Zeus, think of this one as God’. The entire context bears a Christian impress.—As Aion in gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 2, 5 [Harv. I 21, 2]): βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the text s. βαπτίζω 2c; on the subject-matter GWalther, Die Entstehung des Taufsymbols aus dem Taufritus: StKr 95, 1924, 256ff); D 7:1, 3. Cp. 2 Cor 13:13; 1 Cl 58:2; IEph 9:1; IMg 13:1b, 2; MPol 14:3; 22:1, 3; Epil Mosq 5. On this s. HUsener, Dreiheit: RhM 58, 1903, 1ff; 161ff; 321ff; esp. 36ff; EvDobschütz, Zwei-u. dreigliedrige Formeln: JBL 50, ’31, 116–47 (also Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 92–100); Norden, Agn. Th. 228ff; JMainz, Die Bed. der Dreizahl im Judentum 1922; Clemen² 125–28; NSöderblom, Vater, Sohn u. Geist 1909; DNielsen, Der dreieinige Gott I 1922; GKrüger, Das Dogma v. der Dreieinigkeit 1905, 46ff; AHarnack, Entstehung u. Entwicklung der Kirchenverfassung 1910, 187ff; JHaussleiter, Trinitarischer Glaube u. Christusbekenntnis in der alten Kirche: BFCT XXV 4, 1920; JLebreton, Histoire du dogme de la Trinité I: Les origines⁶ 1927; RBlümel, Pls u. d. dreieinige Gott 1929.—On the whole word FRüsche, D. Seelenpneuma ’33; HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 486–95; PVolz, Der Geist Gottes u. d. verwandten Erscheinungen im AT 1910; JHehn, Zum Problem des Geistes im alten Orient u. im AT: ZAW n.s. 2, 1925, 210–25; SLinder, Studier till Gamla Testamentets föreställningar om anden 1926; AMarmorstein, Der Hl. Geist in der rabb. Legende: ARW 28, 1930, 286–303; NSnaith, The Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 229–37; FDillistone, Bibl. Doctrine of the Holy Spirit: Theology Today 3, ’46/47, 486–97; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 341–46; ESchweizer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 482–508; DLys, Rûach, Le Souffle dans l’AT, ’62; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebr. Mngs. ’67, 202–93.—HGunkel, Die Wirkungen des Hl. Geistes² 1899; HWeinel, Die Wirkungen des Geistes u. der Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; EWinstanley, The Spirit in the NT 1908; HSwete, The Holy Spirit in the NT 1909, The Holy Spirit in the Ancient Church 1912; EScott, The Spirit in the NT 1923; FBüchsel, Der Geist Gottes im NT 1926; EvDobschütz, Der Geistbesitz des Christen im Urchristentum: Monatsschr. für Pastoral-theol. 20, 1924, 228ff; FBadcock, ‘The Spirit’ and Spirit in the NT: ET 45, ’34, 218–21; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 151–62 (Eng. tr. KGrobel, ’51, I 153–64); ESchweizer, Geist u. Gemeinde im NT ’52, Int 6, ’52, 259–78.—WTosetti, Der Hl. Geist als göttliche Pers. in den Evangelien 1918; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion. Der Ursprung des Geistbegriffs der Syn. Ev. aus der griech. Mystik 1922; AFrövig, Das Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. der Geist 1924; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist nach Syn. Überl.: Studies in Early Christianity, presented to FCPorter and BWBacon 1928, 209–36; FSynge, The Holy Spirit in the Gospels and Acts: CQR 120, ’35, 205–17; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit and the Gospel Trad. ’47.—ESokolowski, Die Begriffe Geist u. Leben bei Pls 1903; KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke bei Pls 1912; GVos, The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit: Bibl. and Theol. Studies by the Faculty of Princeton Theol. Sem. 1912, 209–59; HBertrams, Das Wesen des Geistes nach d. Anschauung des Ap. Pls 1913; WReinhard, Das Wirken des Hl. Geistes im Menschen nach den Briefen des Ap. Pls 1918; HHoyle, The Holy Spirit in St. Paul 1928; PGächter, Z. Pneumabegriff des hl. Pls: ZKT 53, 1929, 345–408; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 159–74 al. [Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, tr. WMontgomery ’31, 160–76 al.]; E-BAllo, RB 43, ’34, 321–46 [1 Cor]; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 8:11; Synge [s. above], CQR 119, ’35, 79–93 [Pauline epp.]; NWaaning, Onderzoek naar het gebruik van πνεῦμα bij Pls, diss. Amsterd. ’39; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 167–200.—HvBaer, Der Hl. Geist in den Lukasschriften 1926; MGoguel, La Notion joh. de l’Esprit 1902; JSimpson, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: Exp., 9th ser., 4, 1925, 292–99; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist im J.: Amicitiae Corolla (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 303–18; WLofthouse, The Holy Spirit in Ac and J: ET 52, ’40/41, 334–36; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: JTS 1 n.s., ’50, 1–15; FCrump, Pneuma in the Gospels, diss. Catholic Univ. of America, ’54; GLampe, Studies in the Gospels (RHLightfoot memorial vol.) ’55, 159–200; NHamilton, The Holy Spirit and Eschatology in Paul, ’57; WDavies, Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Flesh and Spirit: The Scrolls and the NT, ed. KStendahl, ’57, 157–82.—GJohnston, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ in the Qumran Lit.: NT Sidelights (ACPurdy Festschr.) ’60, 27–42; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT, RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II, ’66, 150–64; DHill, Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings, ’67, 202–93; WBieder, Pneumatolog. Aspekte im Hb, OCullmann Festschr. ’72, 251–59; KEasley, The Pauline Usage of πνεύματι as a Reference to the Spirit of God: JETS 27, ’84, 299–313 (statistics).—B. 260; 1087. Pauly-W. XIV 387–412. BHHW I 534–37. Schmidt, Syn. II 218–50. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG s.v. πνέω. M-M. Dict. de la Bible XI 126–398. EDNT. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πνεῦμα
18 folgend

I Part. Präs. folgen1, folgen2

II Adj. following; (darauf erfolgend) auch ensuing; (später) subsequent; (nächst) next; am folgenden Tag the next ( oder following) day, the day after; im Folgenden in the following passage ( Äußerung: statement etc.), in what follows; es handelt sich um Folgendes the matter is as follows, what it’s (all) about is this umg.; dazu möchte ich Folgendes sagen may I just make the following point ( oder make one thing clear), the way I see it is; können Sie mir folgende Frage beantworten? can you answer the following question ( oder this question) for me?

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sequent; successive; following; subsequent; consequent; successional; proximate; sequential

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fọl|gend
adj
following
Folgendes — the following

er schreibt Folgendes or das Folgende — he writes (as follows or the following)

im Folgenden — in the following; (schriftlich auch) below

es handelt sich um Folgendes — it's like this; (schriftlich) it concerns the following

* * *

1) (coming after: the following day.) follow

2) (about to be mentioned: You will need the following things.) follow

* * *

fol·gend

[ˈfɔlgn̩t]

adj following

weitere Angaben entnehmen Sie bitte den \folgenden Erklärungen for further information please refer to the following explanations

▪ F\folgendes the following

im F\folgenden in the following [speech/text]

* * *

Adjektiv following

der/die/das Folgende — the next in order

er sagte Folgendes od. das Folgende... — he said this...

Folgendes, das Folgende — the following [passage etc.]

im Folgenden, in Folgendem — in [the course of] the following passage etc

* * *

folgend

A. ppr → folgen¹, folgen²

B. adj following; (darauf erfolgend) auch ensuing; (später) subsequent; (nächst) next;

am folgenden Tag the next ( oder following) day, the day after;

im Folgenden in the following passage ( Äußerung: statement etc), in what follows;

es handelt sich um Folgendes the matter is as follows, what it’s (all) about is this umg;

dazu möchte ich Folgendes sagen may I just make the following point ( oder make one thing clear), the way I see it is;

können Sie mir folgende Frage beantworten? can you answer the following question ( oder this question) for me?

* * *

Adjektiv following

der/die/das Folgende — the next in order

er sagte Folgendes od. das Folgende... — he said this...

Folgendes, das Folgende — the following [passage etc.]

im Folgenden, in Folgendem — in [the course of] the following passage etc

* * *

adj.

consequent adj.

ensuing adj.

following adj.

incidental adj.

proximate adj.

successional adj. adv.

proximately adv.

sequentially adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > folgend
19 anta-

1 vb. "give" ANAsup1/sup, MC:215, 221, pa.t. antanë antanen I gave, VT49:14 or ánë, perfect ánië PE17:147, cf. QL:31. According to VT49:14, Tolkien noted that anta- was sometimes often with an ironic tone to refer to missiles, so that antanen hatal sena I gave him a spear as a present was often used with the real sense of I cast a spear at him. Usually the recipient of the thing given is mentioned in the dative or allative case like sena in this example, but there is also a construction similar to English present someone with something in which the recipient is the object and the gift appears in the instrumental case: antanenyes parmanen, I presented him with a book PE17:91. The verb occurs several times in FS: antalto"they gave"; strangely, no past tense marker seems to be present see -lto for the ending; antar a pl. verb translated "they gave", though in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the present tense "give" pl.; antaróta "he gave it" anta-ró-ta "gave-he-it", another verb occurring in Fíriel's Song, once again with no past tense marker. Also antáva "will give", future tense of anta- "give"; read perhaps *antuva in LotR-style Quenya; similarly antaváro "he will give" LR:63 might later have appeared as *antuvas with the ending -s rather than Qenya -ro for he. Antalë imperative "give thou" VT43:17, sc. anta "give" + the element le "thou", but this was a form Tolkien abandoned. Apparently ana was at one point considered as another imperative give, but Tolkien rewrote the text in question VT44:13, and the normal patterns would suggest *á anta with an independent imperative particle.

Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > anta-
20 график

chart, graph, curve, card
(графическое изображение взаимозависимых величин) (рис. 144)
- (по терминологии, принятой икао) — graph
- (кривая зависимости, напр. веса, высоты, температуры) — curve wat curves.
- (карта) — card
- (расписание) — schedule
- (участок графика, ограниченный с 4-х сторон) — carpet
- ветров — wind chart
- девиации (магнитного компаса) (рис. 86) — compass correction card
- девиации (радиокомпаса) (рис. 86) — quadrantal error calibration card /curve/
- зависимости величин (х) от величин (у) — value (х) for /versus, vs/ value (y) chart /graph/
- зависимости величины "r" и относительной скорости принятия решения от располагаемых длины разбега и дистанции прерванного взлета — value of "r" and v1/vr ratio for takeoff run available and accelerate-stop distance available chart /graph/
- зависимости (взлетного) веса ла, высоты и температуры воздуха (аэродрома) — (takeoff) weight-altitude-temperature curves, wat curves
- зависимости максимального взлетного веса от высоты аэродрома и температуры /graph/ — maximum takeoff weight for aerodrome altitude chart
- зависимости максимального взлетного веса от высоты и температуры аэродрома (подрисуночная надпись) — maximum take-off weight for altitude and temperature the wat curves should be titled as written above.
- зависимости максимального взлетного веса от располагаемых взлетной дистанции и дистанции прерванного взлета — maximum takeoff weight for take-off distance available and accelerate-stop distance available chart /graph/
- зависимости максимального поперечного момента от полетного веса — maximum lateral imbalance moment for /vs/ gross weight chart
- зависимости сбалансированной летной полосы от максимального взлетного веса — balance takeoff field length for maximum takeoff weight chart /graph/

the graph should be titled: balanced takeoff field length for maximum takeoff weight.
- захода на посадку — approach chart
- изменения центровки в полете — еn-route center of gravity variation chart
- на рис.1 иллюстрирует (показывает) — chart in fig.1 illustrates/provides/(a presentation of)
- опробывания двигателя — engine ground-test schedule
- остаточной девиации (магн. компаса) (рис. 86) — compass correction card /curve/
- перевода величин перевод атмосферного давления в барометрическую высоту аэродрома. — conversion chart /graph/ conversion of atmospheric pressure into aerodrome altitude.
- перевода относительной скорости принятия решения (при взлете) в скорость припятия решения — v1/vr into v1 conversion chart /graph/ the graph should be titled: conversion of v1/vr into v1 (km/h ias)
- полета — flight schedule
- поправок (к указателю скорости, высотомеру) — (airspeed indicator and altimeter) error correction chart /curves/
- потребной длины летного поля при взлете — takeoff field length required chart /graph/
- радиодевиации(радиокомпаса) — quadrantal error calibration curve
-, центровочный (указывающий предельные веса и центровки) — center-of-gravity diagram, balance diagram /chart/ (showing weight and balance limits)
- чистого градиента набора высоты в полете с одним отказавшим двигателем — en route net gradient of climb one engine inoperative chart /graph/
метод пользования г. — method of use of chart/graph/
правила пользования данным — the use of this chart /graph/
г. изложены в тексте — is explained in the text
пример пользования г. — example of use of chart
пример пользования графиком: — procedure for reading the chart /graph/, chart /graph/ reading procedure:
определите наибольший взлетный вес для данной длины впп следующим образом: начинайте отсчет с левой стороны графика (рис. i) от заданной располагаемой взлетной дистанции (6000 фт), проведите секущую до уклона впп (0,5 % вниз), а затем опустите перпендикуляр пo линии графика до пересечения с линией отсчета, и т. д. — (1) to determine the highest takeoff weight permitted by takeoff field length limitations, proceed as follows: using fig. 1 start on left of the graph from the given takeoff distance (6000 ft), proceed across to runway slope (0.5 % downhill), then down the guide lines to the reference line. (2) starting from the accelorate-stop distance available (5350 ft) proceed upwards through the slope grid to the wind component, then to the reference line.
форма г. четкость г. (для удобства пользования) из г. (рис. 1) выбираем, находим... — chart /graph/ form readability of graph (to facilitate accurate reading of the graph) use /refer to/ (fig i) to obtain /find/....
строить г. — plot /constuct/ chart
читать г. (в обратном направлении) — read chart (in reverse direction)

Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > график

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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to refer to the text

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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to refer to the text

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